The New Fuss About Term Paper Writing Service Custom

The New Fuss About Term Paper Writing Service Custom The Advantages of Term Paper Writing Service Custom Writing a term paper isn't a nonsense job and that is exactly why it is even more important that students or scholars seek help and get them from good on-line expert term paper writing services. Academic writing is an entire separate area of school and college assignments. Sometimes students think that it's too long or too hard to purchase term papers on the web, but it's certainly not with our company. If you think you're not that good at writing, or do not have any excess time to finish the task do not shed hope because we can help you stay away from common problems to submit a superb term paper. There are many reasons why students can wind up not finishing their papers in time. When you opt to use a term paper writing service, there may be a profusion of distinct reasons as to why. The main reason is simple writing a term paper requires not just excellent writing abilities but also some severe research, patience and a great deal of time. The papers need to be completely custom written so they can guarantee academic success and excellence. Writing a term paper isn't the simplest task you make it in college. It is one of the dullest assignments ever. It can be very confusing and most of all, it is time-consuming. Choosing Term Paper Writing Service Custom When you choose our site, it's extremely simple to acquire a term paper online! Thus, the only logical way out is to begin seeking skilled assistance with term paper. Thus, in the event you google write my term paper for me and our website is what you've found, then you're on a suitable track, and we are here in order to cover your back. It's true that you can try and just take somebody's pre-written term paper from the internet. Our term paper assistance is exactly what you require. The period paper writers have to finish the paper based on the outline, as indicating the purpose of custom term paper is really important and it should occur in the very first part. Although, at the exact time, it's not permitted to rewrite such sources in academic term papers. It is quite difficult to be efficient without planning. If you aren't likely to order term paper, you are going to have to memorize it. You ought to be able to tell us what paper type is essential so that we can deliver just what you want. The term paper should depend on something which would be interesting that people read. If you choose to order a term paper or some other paper from us, you can expect to get simply the very best term paper quality with each document we handle! Using Term Paper Writing Service Custom When you have any questions or issues, don't be afraid to get in contact with your writer. If you're unsure regarding some issues or you don't know what things to do at all, you may always ask your scientific supervisor to shed the light on things you need to work on. Such research can take a lot of time and energy, which isn't always possible, particularly if your deadline is right around the corner and you need to receive your work done whenever possible. You only need to employ the right writing service! The Funda mentals of Term Paper Writing Service Custom Revealed You'll understand that the quotes per page are affordable, but you will also notice we give discounts to all clients. As a result of our service, buying term papers is as simple as it gets! You're probably trying to find the greatest academic writing service available online, which is the reason you've stumbled upon our site. Ordering custom written term papers on the internet can be dangerous if you decide on the incorrect firm. The cost for our expert help is affordable for each and every student. Thus, you should realize that a high price doesn't always mean decent quality. In fact, purchasing a paper isn't the last resort for the majority of our clients who have proven to be somewhat successful in their studies. What clients have found with different companies is they have either had low rates or higher quality. Such companies have a customer care staff that's always readily available to take orders from students and a lot different customers. To find an appropriate aid, you will need to conduct research to find out what options you've got and pick the most trustworthy company among thousands of dishonest websites. There are many explanations as to why our services are so common.

History, Preparation, Execution, Results, And Lessons...

Introduction In February 1941, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel received command of the recently created Afrika Korps. The unit deployed to Libya in order to support the Italian Army that had recently suffered setbacks against the British forces. For the next two years, Rommel’s forces fought across the North African desert against British forces led by Generals Archibald Wavell, Claude Auchinleck, and Bernard Montgomery. The culminating point for this campaign was the two battles of El Alamein, after which the Germans retreated to Tunisia and eventually surrendered. This case study will examine the history, preparation, execution, results, and lessons learned during the Battles of El Alamein and how that defeat helped lead to the overall Axis defeat in World War II (WWII). History The fighting on the African continent began before WWII. Italy, in the late 19th century, had colonies in Libya, Eritrea, and Somaliland (now Somalia). In 1935, Bunito Mussolini, the dictator of Italy, wanted to have an Italian East African Empire. To accomplish this, his Italian forces conquered Ethiopia by 1936, forming his empire consisting of Somaliland, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. The British, meanwhile, provided soldiers for the defense of the Suez Canal in Egypt in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. With Mussolini declaring war on England and France in June 1940, Britain found itself surrounded by Italian forces. Mussolini wanted to link the two sections of his

The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias Sample - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias Sample. Answer: Private savings of a country implies the difference between gross domestic products (GDP) with tax and consumption (Auerbach et al. 2017). In the given equation, countrys GDP is $ 20 billion, consumption (C) is $13 billion and tax revenue (T) is $ 1 billion. Hence, the value of private savings is: Private savings= GDP - C T Private savings = 20 - ( 13 + 1) Private savings = ( 20 14) Private savings = 6 Thus, the private saving is worth $6 billion. The public savings represent the difference between tax revenue (T) and spending of government (G). In the given equation, the amount of government purchase is worth $ 3 billion. Public Savings = T G Public Savings = ( 1 3) Public Savings = - 2 The negative value of public saving implies budget deficit. From the above equation, it can be stated that the country is facing this phase. The equation of total supply of loanable funds is as follow: Supply of loanable funds = private savings + public savings + foreign savings Hence, supply of loanable funds increases when public savings increase (Fontana and Sawyer 2016). On the other side, a decreasing amount of public savings influences supply of loanable funds to go down. In a closed economy, national savings represent the sum total of private savings and public savings. Hence, in the given equation, the value of nation savings is as follows: National savings = private savings + public savings National savings = 6 + (-2) National savings = 4 Therefore, the value of national saving of this country is $ 4 billion. e) This economy is facing a closed economic condition. Under a closed economy, the country does not perform any servicer related to export and import. Hence, the value of net export of this country is zero. f) In a closed economy, aggregate demand and aggregate supply of the country remains same. This further implies that aggregate savings is always equal with aggregate supply. Here, aggregate supply implies sum total of private savings and public savings ((Auerbach et al. 2017). In other words, aggregate savings and national savings are same concept. Hence, the value of investment is $ 4 billion. a) The size of the labour force within an economy is described by the total amount of employed and unemployed workers (Krueger 2017). An employed person means those who are working for full time and part time. On the other side, unemployed person means those, who are not presently work but seeking for job. Hence, in the given economy, total labour size is: Labour force = employed workers + unemployed workers Labour force = full-time workers + part-time workers + unemployed workers Labour force = 7000 + 2000 +600 Labour force = 9600 b) Labour force participation rate (LFPR) implies the ratio between total numbers of labour force with total adult population (Krueger 2017). Total adult population indicates the difference between total number populations and people under the age group of 15. Hence, in this equation, total number of adult population is (14300 3000) = 11300. This equation can be written as follows: LFPR = (number of people in labour force / total adult population) * 100 LFPR = (9600/ 11300) * 100 LFPR = 84.96% c) Unemployment rate of an economy implies the ratio between number of unemployment and labour force (Krueger, Mas and Niu 2017). Hence, in this given economy, unemployment rate implies; Unemployment rate = (number of unemployed/labour force) * 100 Unemployment rate = (600 / 9600) * 100 Unemployment rate = 6.25% d) Unemployment rate of a country can be obtained from the sum total of natural rate of unemployment and cyclical rate of unemployment (Stepanok 2018). In the given equation, natural rate of unemployment is 5% and unemployment rate is 6.25%. Hence, from the following equation, cyclical rate of unemployment can be measured. Unemployment rate = Natural Rate of Unemployment + Cyclical Rate of Unemployment Cyclical rate of unemployment = Unemployment rate - Natural Rate of Unemployment Cyclical rate of unemployment = 6.25% - 5% Cyclical rate of unemployment = 1.25% Today, the real GDP of both Neverland and Gotham is $20000. Neverland expects their real GDP growth rate for the next 100 years is going to be 2%. Gotham also expects that their real GDP growth rate for the next 100 years is 1.5%. Hence, to estimate real GDP growth rate of each country after 100 years, P (1+r/100) n formula will be used, where r represents GDP growth rate, P represents the real GDP of today and n indicates number of years. Thus, over the next 100 years, Neverlands real GDP per capita will be $20000(1+ 2/100)100 = $20000 (1+0.02)100 = $20000 * 7.24 = $ 144800 Moreover, Gothams real GDP per capita will be: $20000(1+ 1.5/100)100 = $20000 (1+0.015)100 = $20000 * 4.43 = $ 88600 Therefore, after 100 years, real GDP of Neverland will be $144800 and that of Gotham will be $88600. The video shows that the world population is increasing continuously. The number of world population almost becomes double from 1960 to 2008. However, this population growth may become stable after the year 2050. There are various reasons that will further help various countries to prevent their population growth in future. Moreover, the basic concept regarding negative impacts of excessive population on a countrys economy and environment is also wrong (Casey and Galor 2017). In 1950, the number of population of some countries has increased significantly. However, some countries have possessed higher number of population with low life expectancy and they are generally developing countries. Moreover, some other countries have possessed small number of population with high life expectancy and they are called developed countries. However, during 1950-2007, the population structure of developing countries has changed and they have moved towards population structure of developed countries though Africa cannot achieve higher rate of life expectancy due to various diseases (Lea et al. 2018). In this context, the professor of this video has taken example of changing population structure of Swede, Chile and Tanzania. During 1950 to 2007, the population structure of Sweden has grown slightly. However, population structure of Chile has increased towards a higher life expect rate after war. However, Tanzania has faced various health issues like HIV epidemic and so on. Hence, the countrys population growth trend has decreased slowly and the life expectancy rate has reached to a level from where Chile has started its journey. According to the professor, the only way to stop population is decreasing the number of family members or making small family. The government of a country faces budget deficit when its total expenditure exceeds total revenue, which the government collects from tax and non-tax sources. At this situation, the government does not possess extra amount of money after spending expenses (Biza, Kapingura and Tsegaye 2015). This further leads the government to take debt from any national or international money lending sources. Major concern of running government deficit: The government of a country should take major concern regarding the budget deficit and various economic implications can support this view. Firstly, excessive burden of debt leads an economy to an imbalance situation and this further affects entire economic condition and well-being of that particular country, adversely (Silva, Silva and Perera 2018). Secondly, to overcome budget deficit, the government takes loans from domestic banks and other private institutions. This further adversely affects private borrowers from taking loan and investing in production procedure (Lee and Ng 2015). Thus, national income of that country will again go down. Thirdly, this excessive amount of debt will adversely affect future generation of a country by decreasing their income level and increasing their tax rate. Lastly, budget deficit may further cause high rate of economic inflation within country. To overcome this condition, the government can print money to offset the financial imbalance. However, excessive supply of money may further cause inflation within this economy. Economic reason to have a balanced budget: Balanced budget occurs when total government revenue becomes equal with total government spending. Each country wants to achieve a balanced budget so that the country can overcome various economic shortfalls. According to some economists, balanced economic condition helps a country to decrease its interest rate and trade deficit (Huang, Meng and Xue 2017). Moreover, this balanced budget influences the country to increase its aggregate amount of savings and investment. Thus, under this economic situation, a country can achieve its economic development further. Positive impacts of budget deficit and budget surplus: The present business cycle of a country states that whether a budget deficit or surplus becomes acceptable for the economy or not. If the country is facing a contraction phase within the business cycle, then the government may choose to increase its deficit by decreasing tax rate and increasing government expenditure. This decreasing tax rate further influences people to enhance their consumption level and total investment level (Biza, Kapingura and Tsegaye 2015). Moreover, increasing amount of government expenditure further leads the county to produce more output and generate more employment opportunity. On the other side, the government may choose surplus budget when the country is facing expansionary phase within the business cycle. In order to balance the budget of Australia, the government may choose deflationary fiscal policy. By adopting this policy, the government can reduce government expenditure on the one hand and can raise tax rate on another hand (Panjer, de Haan and Jacobs 2017). Thus, increasing amount of tax can further help the economy to overcome its budget deficit. References: Auerbach, A.J., Grinberg, I., Barthold, T.A., Bull, N., Moomau, P.J., Moore, R., Pecoraro, B., Elkins, W.G., Pomerleau, K. and Page, B., 2017. Macroeconomic Modeling of Tax Policy: A Comparison of Current Methodologies. Biza, R.A., Kapingura, F.M. and Tsegaye, A., 2015. Do budget deficits crowd out private investment? An analysis of the South African economy.International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies,8(1), pp.52-76. Casey, G. and Galor, O., 2017. Is faster economic growth compatible with reductions in carbon emissions? The role of diminished population growth.Environmental Research Letters,12(1), p.014003. Fontana, G. and Sawyer, M., 2016. Towards post-Keynesian ecological macroeconomics.Ecological Economics,121, pp.186-195. Huang, K.X., Meng, Q. and Xue, J., 2017. Balanced-budget income taxes and aggregate stability in a small open economy.Journal of International Economics,105, pp.90-101. Krueger, A.B., 2017. Where have all the workers gone? An inquiry into the decline of the US labor force participation rate.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp.7-8. Krueger, A.B., Mas, A. and Niu, X., 2017. The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias: Will the Real Unemployment Rate Please Stand Up?.Review of Economics and Statistics,99(2), pp.258-264. Lea, J., Walker, S.L., Kerley, G.I., Jackson, J., Matevich, S.C. and Shultz, S., 2018. Non?invasive physiological markers demonstrate link between habitat quality, adult sex ratio and poor population growth rate in a vulnerable species, the Cape mountain zebra.Functional Ecology,32(2), pp.300-312. Lee, S.P. and Ng, Y.L., 2015. Public debt and economic growth in Malaysia.Asian Economic and Financial Review,5(1), pp.119-126. Panjer, N., de Haan, L. and Jacobs, J., 2017.Is fiscal policy in the euro area Ricardian?(No. 562). Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department. Silva, N.L.C., Silva, N.K.L. and Perera, P.R.M.R., 2018. Effect of Government Debt on Gross Domestic Production: Evidence from Sri Lanka.Journal for Accounting Researchers and Educators (JARE),1(1). Stepanok, I., 2018. A NorthSouth model of trade with search unemployment.European Economic Review,101, pp.546-566.

Movie Overview The Shawshank Redemption Essay Example

Movie Overview The Shawshank Redemption Essay In the film The Shawshank Redemption, directed by Frank Darabont in 1996, a man named Andy Dufresne who is framed and wrongly accused for the murder of his wife and his wife’s lover and is sent to prison. The film is about his life in prison and the strong hope he has for freedom. The film shows how Andy forms close bonds and friendships within the prison while also facing many hardships. The film ends with Red being let out of prison and being reunited with his friend Andy in Mexico after Andy tunnelled out of prison many years ago. Throughout the film there are a number of techniques used to portray hope and emotion, two key techniques are lighting and sound. A key scene where Darabont uses the techniques of sound and lighting to create thunder and lightning in Andy’s final escape scene. In the escape scene, when Andy Dufresne stands in the rain with his arms out, there are flashes of lightning that emphasise Andys relieved facial expression. The Sound of the thunder gives the viewer the sense that when Andy is breaking into the sewage pipe it emphasises that Andy is in danger, and that if he is caught he will most likely be beaten and killed by officer Byron, who has earlier in the film threatened to throw Andy off the side of a building because Andy approached him offering financial advice. Darabont also use’s the sound of the thunder when Andy is holding a rock above his head while he waits for the crash of the thunder so that he ca break into the sewage pipe. The director also use’s lighting to portray hope and emotion. In Andy’s escape scene there is lightning in the background, this helps hide Andys esca pe as he smashes into the sewage pipe to crawl out to freedom, but its also used to show the danger again that Andy faces while attempting to escape. Frank Darabont used the sound and lighting of the crashing thunder and lighting to create tension and to make the viewers nervous for Andy’s fate. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Overview The Shawshank Redemption specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Overview The Shawshank Redemption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Overview The Shawshank Redemption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The idea of hope i

Reading the Secret Signs The Art of Finding Symbols

Reading the Secret Signs The Art of Finding Symbols Introduction: On Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality Though in the modern world, all people are considered free and possessing equal rights, it has not always been this way. The road to the existing society where people enjoy equal rights and freedoms has been long and exhausting. Although there is a considerable gap between the Ancient Greece and the XIX-century world, the problem of liberty, not only physical, but also moral, intertwines these two epochs. That is why there is so much in common between Antigone, Sophocles’s drama, and Doll’s House, the creation of Henrik Ibsen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading the Secret Signs: The Art of Finding Symbols specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To some extent, it must be admitted, each of the books suggests the ideas of feminism – in their embryo, of course, yet there can be no doubt that Doll House is one of the books that were the first heralds o f the feminist epoch coming on. However, it must be admitted that the feminist ideas are shifted into the background of watch story, whereas in the center the demand for recognizing human rights is placed. Indeed, it would be rather unreasonable to interpret the play only as an anthem for feminist movement. In comparison to this story, Antigone, the drama by Sophocles, offers another idea of liberty, yet it aims at the same effect – the recognition of people’s rights, namely, the right to be self-sufficient and do the things that one considers right. However, despite the common ideas, each author chooses his own symbols to convey these ideas to the public. Comparing the methods of the Ancient Greek philosopher and the XIX-century playwright, one can see the distinct difference between the methods that the two utilize, and at the same time trace the similarities between their approaches. Burying Secrets: Antigone. Behind the Shadow of Death The rich symbolism of the Gr eek tragedy offers a plethora of food for speculations. One of the most thought-provoking creations, the drama by Sophocles is saturated with metaphors, using the symbols that leave the most vivid and memorable impressions. Considering the drama, one can notice instantly that the key symbol of Antigone is the death itself. Interpreted in a number of ways, this name makes the essence of the afterlife, the mysterious Hereafter – the world of the dead. The world of the dead in Sophocles’s drama is considered as the place where one can be completely free – in constant to the life on earth, where each of the mere mortals is bound by the restrictions cats either by the gender issues, or by the political ideas, or any other ideas that prevent people to live their full life. Calling this place in a number of ways, Sophocles still leaves the basic idea of the mysterious afterlife interwoven into the drama. Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Travelling down the land of the dead, Antigone claims: â€Å"Who did the deed the underworld knows well: A friend in word is never friend of mine† (Sophocles 53) Thus, exposing the underworld as the place where people obtain their freedom and where nothing can be concealed from the watchful eye of Hades, Sophocles raises the topic of freedom on earth. Another peculiar recurrent symbol in the drama is birds – a large variety of birds that the reader can spot on the book pages. Describing the ease of their flight, Sophocles makes the reader compare these free creatures to people and realize how despicable the freedom of the humankind is. Living in a Dollhouse: Ibsen and His Protest Depicting the same idea of obtaining the needed liberty, Ibsen uses quite different means. Let along the striking difference of the lead characters in the two stories, the determined and decisive Antigon e and the cowardice, chicken-hearted Nora, the books differ in the symbols they use. Considering the symbolic means that were at Ibsen’s disposal, one can claim with certainty that Ibsen created a masterpiece of refinement and sad sarcasm. If there is anything that can symbolize the lack of responsibility, self-sufficiency and liberty better than Nora herself, that is the Christmas tree used to decorate the Doll’s, that is, Nora’s, house. Indeed, the beautiful and at the same time helpless, completely useless attribute of the holiday, the tree is much like the hostess of the house – just as weak and dependent on the support: †The Christmas Tree is in the corner by the piano, stripped of its ornaments and with burnt-down candle-ends on its disheveled branches. Nora’s cloak and hat lying on the sofa† (Ibsen 39). Such quick is the transition from the tree to Nora’s clothes – and, in fact, Nora herself – that the par allels drawn between the hostess and the article of the house decoration that it becomes obvious: Nora has never been a human being in its full sense – she has always led the life of complete dependence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reading the Secret Signs: The Art of Finding Symbols specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it would be erroneous to think that the symbols in Antigone and Doll’s House have nothing in common – at certain point they coincide, depicting the same things. A good example of such coincidence is the symbol of death that is also present in Doll’s House. However, in this drama, a black cross (Ibsen 48) serves as a symbol of passing away. The last, but not the least is the name of the play – Doll’s House as a symbol of the state of dependence that Nora used to be in and that she escaped from so painfully. Though she is filled with the intense grief, Nora is still willing to get rid of the humiliating environment that she has been living in for so long. Thus, freeing herself, she comes close to the character of Sophocles drama, Antigone. Conclusion: The Jailbreak Despite the time gap between the two dramas, there is the common idea that intertwines them, making each story closer to the other. However, each of the authors reaches the highest level of expressivity with different means. Resorting to the use of symbolism in their stories, the two writers create a range of metaphors that serve as the clues for the reader to follow. Triggering a number of associations and creating the vision of the epoch, these tiny details reveal what used to be hidden under the cover of the storyline. It cannot be doubted that the symbols used by the writers are strikingly different, yet each of the metaphor used serves the same purpose, namely, emphasizing women’s dependence. It is quite remarkable that, despite the years passed since the times of Sophocles, the problem remains topical. Perhaps, even with Ibsen’s attempts to free those that lack liberty in their own life, the issue still needs solution. No matter how hard it might be to admit it, this is the hard truth the humankind has to live with – or fight it until every single person can feel freed. Ibsen, Henric. A Doll’s House: Unabridged. Clayton, DE: Prestwick House, Inc., 2005. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sophocles. Antigone. New York City, NY: ReadHowYouWant, 2008. Print.

Where to Get a Writing Critique

Where to Get a Writing Critique Where to Get a Writing Critique Where to Get a Writing Critique By Maeve Maddox From time to time, I receive emails from writers, asking me to critique attached poems or short stories. In the early days, I would send a polite reply, explaining that I hadn’t time to critique their work. Now I simply delete the email and attachments and get back to my own writing. The DWT Contact page states the policy that our writers don’t answer questions via email. Critiquing a manuscript of any length is time-consuming. Time is the most precious possession of a working writer. Asking another writer, especially one with whom you have no personal acquaintance, for a free critique is the equivalent of asking a stranger for a gift costing anywhere from $300 up. I have arrived at this figure by browsing the sites of professional critiquing services. Rates are based on word-count, number of pages, or some combination of the two. One service that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, and horror charges $300 for the first 20,000 words and $15 per every 1,000 words thereafter. Another service offers a flat rate of $260 for the first 50 pages, but applies a per-page rate thereafter. A manuscript of 100-199 pages is priced at $6 per page; from 100-199 pages, $4 per page. A manuscript of 200 pages is priced at $3.75 per page. Paid critiquing is neither a practical nor sensible solution for the beginning writer. Such services are for writers who have already done everything they can to improve their drafts with whatever help is available to them without an outlay of cash. On the other hand, writers need the feedback of other writers. What’s the solution? Where can beginners find suitable readers for their early drafts without an outlay of cash? First, they must be willing to critique the work of others in exchange for critiques of their own writing. Ideally, they will find another writer or writers in their own vicinity. For example, I belong to a writer’s critique group whose members live within a radius of about thirty miles. We meet weekly, varying the meeting place so that no one has to drive the farthest distance every week. Not every group is a good fit for every writer. In approaching an established group, writers need to evaluate the writing level and interests of the members. Some groups specialize in different genres. Not every group critiques poetry or illustrated children’s books. Not every group is made up of beginners. A group of published writers may not be the best choice for an unpublished writer who is still struggling with basics. A good place to find kindred writing spirits is your local public library. Browse the bulletin board. Ask the reference librarians if they know of authors in the area. Writers who can’t find other writers locally can look for critique partners on the Web. Here is a starter list of five sites that offer help in finding a partner: Kingdom Writers An email critique and fellowship group for Christian writers. Ladies Who Critique Ladies Who Critique  is a critique partner-matching site for writers of all levels – â€Å"published, unpublished, aspiring, hobbyists, even closet writers or complete newbies!† Nathan Bransford This free writing forum offers a thread devoted to connecting with a critique partner. Poetry-Free-For-All This site boasts 23,000 members â€Å"of all skill levels† and is described as â€Å"a non-stop online poetry workshop for beginners and experts alike.† Participants must agree to offer at least three critiques of others’ work for each poem submitted. Quantum Muse This site is for writers of â€Å"science fiction, fantasy and alternative writing and artwork.† It offers the opportunity of publication. Membership is free, but participants must complete three critiques of the work of others before receiving permission to submit. Scribophile This free site is for writers of all skill levels. Members exchange detailed critiques. Reciprocity is a must. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureLatin Plural Endings6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Ethical Claims of Body Shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Claims of Body Shop - Essay Example In this study, it has been discussed that how Body Shop has implied different ethical issues in the organization and how it is focused on long term sustainability. This report also focuses on the issues that can make a clear doubt on the Body Shop’s claim about their ethical business practice. This analysis is discussing the positive issues and also negative issues relating to the Body Shop’s ethical claim. Introduction Ethics is the moral of any individual’s life. The same principle is applied for the organization. Ethics means doing things in the right way, for that someone needs to distinguish between the right and wrong things and then it is important to choose the right things. Following the child labour issues by not involving a child into a work is a kind of ethical behaviour of the organizations. Business ethics aims at imposing the sense of the business responsibility within the company’s employees. ... Now the study will discuss whether the companies will be able to gain any profit? What is the basic objective of the business? The objective for any business is to ensure the profit of the shareholders but the securities of the stakeholders also need to be ensured. The stakeholders are the persons who have directly or indirectly interest in the business. The Stakeholders are the employees, the shareholders, the government, the Media, the NGOs, everyone around the company. For example, if a factory is polluting the society through its wastage it is actually hampering the health of the people staying in the society. Though the organization is not directly related with the society but indirectly it is affecting the society. There the ethics come, what is the way to deal with certain problems, how to reduce the ill effect of the organization to ensure the social and human security. Each organization has its own parameter to fix up the specific code of conduct of the business. It’s always true that only ethical firm can do the corporate social responsibility, corporate responsibility can be done by anyone, it is the contribution and taking more responsibility towards society. But, all the firms doing social responsibility are not ethical always (Randall, 2001, p.56). There is no certain proof that the firm have done all the things in the right way. Discussion In the light of the discussion of â€Å"ethics and corporate social responsibility† the â€Å"Body Shop† ethical journey will be explained. The Body Shop international PLC has 24000 stores all over the world. It is a beauty product Cosmetics Company founded in England in the year of 1976. The founder of Body Shop, Anita Roddick, visited

Managing Employee Appraisals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Employee Appraisals - Research Paper Example These risks include but are not limited to high rate of employee turnover, and low quality of products or services that the organization offers to the clients. Management of performance appraisals is a fairly demanding task. The management in organizations is often too busy to consider such issues, and the amount of effort required to maintain a healthy, practicable, and fully functional performance management system makes it seem more of a hassle than a good practice, but the reality is otherwise. According to DeNisi and Pritchard (2006), the research surrounding the topic of performance appraisal has attracted a lot of criticism because of the overemphasis placed on the psychometric issues. It is equally important for the appraisal research to place emphasis on and explore the effective systems of performance appraisal that can inculcate the motivation in the employees to improve their performance. Some of the most important components of the effectiveness of employee appraisal inc lude the perceived level of accuracy, fairness, and satisfaction on the part of the employees because these perceived reactions of the employees can serve as the motivational factors to help them improve their performance. ... It is linked with a range of outcomes of employee appraisal like motivation of the employees and their satisfaction with the appraisal. Achievement of their satisfaction is extremely important for the management because employees can only be motivated to improve their performance once they have the confidence that their past performance has been judged fairly. In all cases, the more transparent the system of employee appraisal, the better it can be understood by the employees and their perceived reactions to it are likely to be more positive. Considering the importance of a well-developed, organized, and transparent system of employee appraisal, use of software for performance management is fairly common in a lot of industries ranging from healthcare to construction and schools. One such software that is suitable for use in the healthcare industry is HealthcareSource Performance Manager. This software makes the process of healthcare performance management quite simplified with the au tomation of the content and workflow for competencies, performance reporting, training, and performance appraisals. The software provides the management with a structure and an efficient reminder system that places emphasis on the achievement of goals and makes the documentation, chasing, and communication quite convenient for the management. Improvements made to the employee appraisal with the use of the HealthcareSource Performance Manager include improved on-time completion ratio of employee appraisal, improved communication in the organization, consistence between the goals of the organization and those of the employees, and minimized time

Woman and Dinner Party Essay Example for Free

Woman and Dinner Party Essay Many men these think that women don’t know how to stay calm in a situation. They say men know how to control their emotions way more than women do. The short story the Dinner Party by Gardner carries out a message. The message is that women can have just as much control as men can. The story starts off at a fancy dinner party in India at a colonial official’s house. A young woman starts a discussion on how women have overcome the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era. A colonel disagrees with this and says that a woman’s first reaction in a crisis is to scream. He thinks men have more self control than women because even though they make feel like screaming they don’t. An American naturalist was present at the dinner party. He decides to look around the room and notices a strange look come across the hostess face and her muscles contracting. She then whispers to the native boy behind and his widen and brings in a bowl of milk. In India this means bait for a snake. He comes to the conclusion that there is a cobra in the room. He looks around the room but the room looks clear. He knew the snake was under the table and he his first impulse was to jump back and warn the others but he had stayed calm. He then tells the people in the room what they must do. He said he wanted to test the self control that the people had and told them about the snake. The snake does not strike and everything under control. The host speaks up and tells the colonel that he was right and that men have more control. The American asks the hostess how she knew about the snake and she then says â€Å"It was crawling across my foot.† He we can see that the colonel was wrong and that women can have just as much control as men. Mona Gardner carried out the message by showing us the self control of men but also showed us that woman can have the same control and that they have overcome that stereotype.

Martin Luther Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther grew up in a time when there was basically one religion to look upon. Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Germany. He was raised Catholic by his family that was held together by his father, Hans. Hans was a miner, and he worked his way up to the middle class by leasing mines and furnaces. With the money that he earned, he bought his family a house, and he became a well-respected citizen of their new hometown, Mansfeld. At seven years old, Martin began his schooling to fill his father’s dream of becoming a lawyer. At school, he learned the basics and was taught Latin. The students were not only to learn how to speak Latin, but they also had to speak the language at all times. At age thirteen, a new school boarded young Luther. He was sent thirty miles north to the city of Magdenburg. His time spent there was short. The year that he attended the school, he learned of his ambition to serve God. Luther spoke fondly of the Brothers at the school. They showed Luther what it was like to witness God’s power. Martin finished off his boarding school years at St. George’s School, located in Eisenach. Luther had many great memories of St. George’s, including one of his teachers, Johann Trebonius. Luther enjoyed Trebonius’ teachings because of the equality that was displayed between the students and the teacher. St. George’s also gave Luther the ability to see what a life of the religious order was like. In 1501, Martin left Eise...

Objectives of environmental education

Objectives of Environmental Education To define the Five (5) Objectives of Environmental Education. To conserve, preserve and utilize the used of our Environment. To have a deep understanding of the Environment and its problems. Introduction We, people are live in an Environment where we can able get our basic necessity so, It means that we are connected and dependent on our environment but as the year passed by we can able to noticed that there are some changes that Is happening to our environment specifically the shortage of food, climate change and etc. ND It was totally alarming. We all know that the world facing a lot of problems that sooner may leads to destruction and it will totally effects on the people's life. So, it is very important to develop the awareness, knowledge, attitude, skill and participation to be able to prevent the destruction to happen. And that's the role of environmental education. The E will give people a new perspective about the benefits of taking care of our environment and it will generate a big change not only on the people's life but for the future generation to come.And yes, it is our responsibility as people that we might find solution to those existing and to the future problems. We, people must be equipped with all those possible solution for the benefit of every living creature. Application Role play will be entitled â€Å"Change for the Future† that is inspired by the Objective of E. The class will group into two (2) groups.Each group must prepare a role playing here they can able to share the awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills and participation on the importance of the environment on us and how to prevent those problems that we may experience in connection Into our environment. Pointers It must apply the objectives of Environmental Education It must contain musical scene onto the play. It must be within 45 minutes. Everyone must have the role to play. Make sure that It Is Interactive and the audience can able to participate. Objectives of environmental education By Clark-Vida t means that we are connected and dependent on our environment but as the year passed by we can able to noticed that there are some changes that is happening to our environment specifically the shortage of food, climate change and etc. And it was problems that we may experience in connection into our environment. Pointers It must apply the objectives of Environmental Education It must be within 45 minutes. Everyone must have the role to play. Make sure that it is interactive and the audience can able to participate.

Media Influence on Society Essay

Media Influence on Society Introduction In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the advance of technology, first there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, television and now the internet. We live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, traveling and anything else that we have to do. Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is right or wrong. Even though media is linked with spreading fake news like a fire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform us about the realities as well. Media has a constructive role to play for the society. Today News Channels and even some Newspapers are mouthpiece of some social issues, which helps us to estimate the realities of lives. Media has played an important role in order to focus on the social issues in almost every era. It is the fact that in most of the eras, media were not being given free and fair chances to explore the issues of society more openly than it is being given now; but we can’t deny this fact that the issues were always raised in order to provide justice to the people. Influence of media on children Television can be a powerful entertainment and education tool for children given the right programming. However, studies have shown that television, and media in general, can also have a very negative influence. Some studies indicate it can shorten attention span, distort body image, work in conjunction with other factors to escalate obesity, create fear, and increase aggressive and anti-social behaviors if exposure is unmonitored and unlimited.

CTY SAT Score Requirements

CTY SAT Score Requirements SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve decided that you want to take part in the Center for Talented Youth (CTY)at Johns Hopkins University. Good for you!Having made this decision, however, you probably have some questions about test score requirements.Do you have to take the SAT to apply for CTY or its programs? What does taking the SAT qualify you for, and how well do you have to do on it? I’ll answer all these questions, and even manage to squeeze in an example from Shakespeare, if you’ll just read on.

Profile of Tanystropheus

Profile of Tanystropheus Tanystropheus is one of those marine reptiles (technically an archosaur) that looked like it came straight out of a cartoon: its body was relatively unremarkable and lizard-like, but its long, narrow neck extended out for a disproportionate length of 10 feet, about as long as the rest of its trunk and tail. Even stranger, from a paleontological perspective, the exaggerated neck of Tanystropheus was supported by only a dozen extremely elongated vertebrae, whereas the long necks of the much longer sauropod dinosaurs of the later Jurassic period (to which this reptile was only distantly related) were assembled from a correspondingly larger number of vertebrae. (The neck of Tanystropheus is so strange that one paleontologist interpreted it, over a century ago,  as the tail of a new genus of pterosaur!) Name: Tanystropheus (Greek for long-necked one); pronounced TAN-ee-STROH-fee-us Habitat: Shores of Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic (215 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 300 pounds Diet: Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Extremely long neck; webbed hind feet; quadrupedal posture Why did Tanystropheus possess such a cartoonishly long neck? This is still a matter of some debate, but most paleontologists believe this reptile perched alongside the shorelines and riverbeds of late Triassic Europe and used its narrow neck as a kind of fishing line, plunging its head into the water whenever a tasty vertebrate or invertebrate swam by. However, its also possible, though comparatively unlikely, that Tanystropheus led a primarily terrestrial lifestyle, and hoisted up its long neck to feed on smaller lizards perched high up in trees. ​A recent analysis of a well-preserved Tanystropheus fossil discovered in Switzerland supports the fisherman reptile hypothesis. Specifically, the tail of this specimen shows an accumulation of calcium carbonate granules, which can be interpreted as meaning that Tanystropheus had especially well-muscled hips and powerful hind legs. This would have provided an essential counterweight to this archosaurs comically long neck and prevented it from tumbling into the water when it snagged and attempted to reel in a big fish. Helping to confirm this interpretation, another recent study shows that the neck of Tanystropheus only accounted for one-fifth of its body mass, the remainder concentrated in the rear portion of  this archosaurs  body.

Scientific and technological advancements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scientific and technological advancements - Essay Example The industrial revolution led to development of new economic systems in the society that greatly affected family relationships. Prior to the Industrial Revolution families worked together in the cottage system to produce their own goods for consumption. The cottage system ensured that there were strong family ties as each person had a role to play in the production process(Stearns, 2013). The Industrial Revolution, however, introduced the factory systems that required people to work for long hours away from home. With this economic system, many family members became engaged in the industrial production process. Parents had little time to spend with their children since they had to compete for the scarce jobs in industries. The Industrial Revolution also led to development and growth of towns and cities. Industries attracted more people who sought employment opportunities. These people often settled around the industries, leading to emergence of new towns and cities. Urbanization occurred at a very rapid rate leading to emergence of various social problems including housing problems, sanitation, crime, and diseases. Urbanization soon became a major challenge to the social wellbeing of the society and a focus had to shift towards addressing the social problems that emerged as a result(Stearns, 2013). The urban centers could not support the ever-increasing population due to the limited availability of resources. The Industrial Revolution led to development of capitalism as a major economic philosophy because it lee to concentration or massive wealth among factory owners. The Industrial Revolution created space for emergence of new forms of production that required workers to improve their skills in order to use machinery and factory equipment. More people moved to seek employment opportunities in the industries as well as opening up markets for the industrial products (Mielants, 2007). The few

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 76

History - Essay Example of the European powers across the globe were no longer welcomed in the larger Americas; in effect, erecting a wall of protection around the unites states’ neighboring nations, thus, allowing them to develop in their own terms (Renehan, 2007). The show of solidarity expressed in the doctrine in an era of revolutions against European imperialism encouraged the United States to build up its military might in readiness to defend its interests as well as those of other smaller defenseless nations within the hemisphere. It is hard to deny that the foreign policy stance at the time formed the very origins of America’s â€Å"imperialistic, police†Ã‚  behavior, more particularly with regards to terrorism watch around the world; a policy inspired by the 9/11 never to change/be changed any time in the near future. While not referred to much often in the diplomatic transactions, the Monroe doctrine remains in force, but with a larger police role on the shoulders of the United States that goes beyond Southern

Nation Branding Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Nation Branding - Dissertation Example A nation is a large group of people that speak the same language and has the same race. A country is different than the nation, a country is a space that is inhabited by the nation or part of it i.e. the nation’s population may be bigger and reside in other countries as well. There is a difference between nation brand/image and country image. There are various terms in the literature i.e. terms that are product related, national level and cultural focus. The image of product country related to the product brand. The nation brand deals with the nation and the product-country image is part of the country image.(Kleppe, 2002). Nation branding is both theory and practice. Its basic goal is to measure, create and at the same time the reputation of the various countries. It is very strongly related to place branding although it is not the same. Place branding entails nation branding, city and region branding. Simon Anholt is the creator of the term â€Å"place branding†, he first used it in 2002 although the term can be seen in the works of other authors like Philip Kotler etc. It refers to any tourist place or a city and a country and to the competition that the particular place faces for tourists as well as another resource. It is part of Public Relations and it is actually a strategic part of it since it supports the view that a change in the public image is ongoing and it requires a strategic plan whereas the change of logo or slogan is not good enough. Place and nation branding are based on the basics of brand management. Brand management is actually a number of marketing tools for products, product lines or brands. Its main purpose is to increase the value of the products as it is perceived by the customer. In Marketing, the brand is considered as a promise to the customer, a promise of quality so that the customers will continue to purchase the product in the future. It is believed that a strong brand can increase sales and the producer can charge a higher price. Nation branding borrows certain principles from brand management. The difference is that these principles are not applied in products but in countries. The goal is to create and protect the country's international reputations. The image of the country is important in order to be successful worldwide. In many cases the image of the country is more important than the products that the country sells. Many countries practice Nation branding. Even the poorer countries are interested in it since it is believed that it can create better and more favorable conditions for commerce, tourism, foreign investment and political relations with other countries. Many countries are also interested in talent attraction i.e. attracting high qualified students. In addition to these, Temporal (http:// www.asia-inc.com/index.phparticleID=2083) suggests that nation branding "

Causes And Effects Of Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay

Causes And Effects Of Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay Water crises have focused peoples attention on water shortage and degradation. Scarce water resources have had negative impacts on the world. Dubale states that water shortage and water degradation are causing serious problems for international security and for peoples health. Rozelle, Huang and Zhang (1997) explain that people face water shortages do not have enough water to meet their daily needs, while water degradation causes a decrease in the quality of peoples lives. One cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water resources, and one cause of water degradation is pollution. Water degradation affects people by causing health problems, and water shortage affects international security by causing regional controversies and conflicts. This essay will discuss two main causes of water shortage and water degradation and their effects on people and international security. One main cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water resources. Jiang (2009) states that as water become a limited and scarce resource relative to the dramatically growing human needs, effective management of the limited available water resources becomes critical. However, People have no incentive to save or use water efficiently, so effective management to deal with the externality of water use and market failure is needed. Over the past decades, Chinas water resource management, unfortunately, has been dominated by engineering projects to satisfy water demands rather than improving water use efficiency. The institutional system of water resource management is fragmented and ineffective. Lack of effective coordination and cooperation among water agencies has led to fragmented water resource institutions which prevent effective management of water resources. In addition, water rights system is the foundation of effective water resource management. Unfortunately, Chinas institut ional system of water rights has not been well developed and is not strictly enforced. Managing water resources based on water rights has not been successful. Much of the water use inefficiency and the current water scarcity in China can be attributed to an underdeveloped system of water rights. Pereira, Oweis and Zairi (2002) assume that mismanagement of water resources has increased Chinas vulnerability to increasingly severe water shortages. Farmers are also mismanagement water in China. Hu, Moiwo, Yang, Han, Yang (2010) explain that farmers are usually over irrigating their farms because they forget to turn off the water on time, and over irrigating the farms too often. These irresponsible behaviors waste a large amount of limited water resources, because less irrigation could yield similar productivity (Fan et al., 2012).Therefore, improper management of water causes the shortage of water. One main cause of water degradation is pollution from industry and agriculture. Wang (1989) state that water pollution started with industrial development in the 1950s and had become more serious since the 1970s in China. The major contribution to water pollution is industrial discharges, about 75 per cent of total wastewater being from industry. At present, only 20 per cent of factories have wastewater treatment facilities. Pollutants of wastewater include organic and toxic chemicals, such as phenols, oils, cyanides and heavy metals, they may flow into the rivers to cause hyper-eutrophic and fishless phenomenon for years. In addition, wastewater in industrial production also causes the water degradation. For instance, wastewater produced by some manufacturing activities, such as pulp and paper production, printing and dyeing, leather tanning and coal gasification, have very high concentrations of pollutants which are difficult to biodegrade. Ordinary treatment techniques are difficult to clean these kinds of wastewater. Some effective techniques are known but are too expensive to be acceptable to the factories. This type of pollution is diff icult to control in China. Qadir et al. (2009) state that excessive irrigation, which combined with overuse of chemical pesticides, have caused large scale of water quality deterioration, particularly in downstream areas of the Aral Sea Basin in Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Therefore, water degradation mainly comes from industry and agricultures pollution. Having discussed the causes of water shortage and degradation, this essay will continue to discuss two main effects of water shortage and degradation in relation to international security and to peoples health in developing and developed countries. One main effect of water shortage is that it causes regional conflicts for water resources. Frà ¶hlich (2012) states that the water conflict in Middle East become one of the serious international security problems in the world. The Middle East region is primarily relying on agriculture, water is a highly scare resource in this region and there have been conflicts over the ownership and use of water resources. Water supplies in Middle East are limited, unequal used and overused. Israel has controlled Jordan River and its aquifers, and sells little water to Palestine and Jordan. The current Palestine water supply is restricted and limited by Israel. Israel rejects to acknowledge Palestines water rights, while water consumption of Israel is four to six times higher than Palestinians. These unequal consumption of water caused conflicts among these countries which around the Jordan River. Aliewi (2009) argues that it is necessary to negotiate between the Palestine and Israel in which the International Law will be used to solve the conflict over water. The Palestinians should recover their water rights and fair share in water resources. Haftendorn (2000) also claim that in South America, a long term debate about building the Brazilian-Paraguay dam project on the Parana River caused international conflict between Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The project was prevented by countries located at lower basin region, who were afraid that the Parana River might be cut off by the dam and would threat their access to this water resource. Therefore, water shortage has affected the regional conflicts among many countries. One main effect of water degradation is that it causes health problems. Pimentel et al. (2007) state that diseases are spreading by polluted water, such as diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and measles, threating the peoples health. Tarrass and Benjelloun (2012) maintained that forty per cent of peoples deaths are attributed to organic and chemical pollutants. Gleick (2002) conclude that more than two million of infants and children die each year from diarrhea, which is caused largely by contaminated water. Epstein, Ford, Puccia, and Possas (2006) state that polluted water led 80 per cent of the diseases around the world, while 90 per cent of these diseases are spreading in developing countries. Pimentel et al. (2007) also maintain that even in developed countries, diseases caused by water degradation have also had an impact on peoples health. For example, in the USA, diseases caused by water degradation lead to 900 deaths each year (Pimentel et al. 2007). Tarrass and Benjelloun (2012 ) state that polluted water is closely linked diseases. According to Bartram, Lewis, Lenton, and Wright (2005), diseases related to unsafe water is the most common cause of illness and death among the poor people in developing countries. For example, 1.6 million deaths each year can be attributed to health problems caused by water pollution (Bartram, Lewis, Lenton, and Wright, 2005). Therefore, water degradation has affected peoples health. In conclusion, water shortage and water degradation have two main negative effects on people and international security. The main cause of water shortage is mismanagement of water for industrial production, irrigation and leading to regional conflicts on water resources. And the main cause of water degradation is water pollution caused by chemicals which are difficult to biodegrade. Water degradation causes serious diseases for peoples health around the world. In order to solve these problems, all the countries should cooperate together to solve the water crises, distribute water resources rationally, reduce water pollution effectively and purify polluted water rapidly. People around the world should also take responsibility to save water in their daily lives.

Iago as Expert Manipulator in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- GCSE Cour

Iago as Expert Manipulator in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   In Othello, by William Shakespeare, the character of Iago cleverly and skillfully alters the appearance of reality within certain characters minds that are clouded by emotion. While Iago does deceive both Cassio and Roderigo, the most vulnerable character to Iago's treachery appears to be Othello. By being a good director and manipulator of emotions and intentions, Iago carries out his plan to exploit Othello's mental weakness almost flawlessly. Iago's ability to bend and sometimes replace the truth with his own lies drives the overall action of the play.    The characters most vulnerable to Iago's manipulation seem to be the ones that appear the most emotionally confused. Iago finds ways to alter these characters's perception of reality and pushes them to believe in a false reality created by Iago's own twisted mind. The emotions that Iago plays upon are that of love and jealousy, which Iago calls "the green eyed monster which doth mock / The meat it feeds on" (3.3.179-180). Roderigo and Cassio fall to Iago's treachery by one if not both of these emotions. However, Othello turns out to be the most vulnerable character to Iago's wickedness. Iago himself says that "I'll pour this pestilence into his ea... .... Othello. Directed by Oliver Parker with Laurence Fishburne and Kenneth Branagh. Columbia Pictures/ Castlerock Entertainment, 1995. Pitt, Angela. "Evil in Shakespeare's Tragedies." Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Shakespeare, William. The Tradegy of Othello, The Moor of Venice. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, sixth edition. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.   Snyder, Susan. "Othello: A Modern Perspective." Shakespeare: Othello. Eds. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993.

Marketing Environment Essay

Before we start with marketing environment it is important to know what a market is and how can marketing be defined as. A market is any structure that allows buyers and sellers to exchange any type of goods, services and information. †¢The market facilitates trade and enables the distribution and allocation of resources in a society. †¢Markets allow any tradable item to be evaluated and priced. A market emerges more or less spontaneously or is constructed deliberately by human interaction in order. †¢Marketing can basically be looked upon as the interaction between marketing mix variables and environmental variables. †¢It is only with the help of marketing variables, that the market managers tackle the environmental variables. †¢Marketing is an ongoing process of planning and executing the marketing mix for products, services or ideas to create exchange between individuals and organizations. According to Kotler â€Å"Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtains what they need and want through creating, offering and exchanging products of value with others†. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as:- â€Å"The performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers or users†. †¢Marketing tends to be seen as a creative industry, which includes advertising, distribution and selling. †¢ It is also concerned with anticipating the customers’ future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market research. †¢Essentially, marketing is the process of creating or directing an organization to be successful in selling a product or service that people not only desire, but are willing to buy. In the words of Stanton â€Å" Marketing is a total system of interacting business activities designed to plan ,price, promote and distribute want satisfying products and services to present and potential customers†. Therefore good marketing must be able to create a â€Å"proposition† or set of benefits for the end customer that delivers value through products or services. Government agencies, political parties, pressure groups and laws create tremendous pressure and constraints for marketing management. †¢Laws affect product design, pricing and promotion. Irrespective of the political ideologies, intervention in the marketing process has become common in every nation. †¢The legal environment is also referred to as public policy environment. The vast government network of laws and regulation, policy decisions, government bureaucracy and the legislative processes have varied impact on marketing strategies. †¢Multinationals like Coca Cola and IBM had to flee India during 1977 due to a hostile political environment. The positive political situation has permitted these corporations to again operate in the country. The impact of political and legal forces may be summarized as under: ? Substantial amount of legislation regulating business exists to protect consumers from unfair business practices, to avoid unfair competition, to safeguard small firms and to conserve foreign exchange. ?Marketing managers are required to get full knowledge and understanding of political and legal forces for achieving their goals. Political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both the formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. For example †¢Tax policy †¢Employment laws †¢Environmental regulations †¢Trade restrictions and tariffs †¢Political stability †¢Study and knowledge of economic forces is essential to preparing effective marketing plans. †¢Anticipation of future economic conditions will enable the firm to devise appropriate marketing strategies. Under economic environment, a marketing manager generally studies the following factors and trends: †¢Trends in cross national product and real income growth †¢Pattern of income distribution †¢Variations in geographical income distribution and trends †¢Expenditure patterns and trends Trends of consumer savings and how consumers like to hold their savings †¢Borrowing pattern, trends and governmental and legal restrictions †¢Major economic variables Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firms cost of capital. For example †¢Economic growth †¢Interest r ate †¢Exchange rates †¢Inflation rates †¢Economic conditions affect marketing directly because such organizations are themselves a part of the market place. For instance, the costs of all inputs positively respond to upward swing of economic condition. †¢This will affect the output price and consequentially affect the sales.

Gammasonics Institute for Medical Research Pty Ltd

Gammasonic v Comrad[1] demonstrates the reluctance of the courts to interpret the Sale of Goods Act to include software downloads as a â€Å"good†, preferring to leave the matter up to statutory review. It primarily discusses whether a software package delivered by online download is effectively classed as â€Å"goods† for application of Sale of Goods Act[2] and outlines the progressive court decisions that have considered the question and have begun to recognize software attached to a medium, like a cd package as a â€Å"goods†. It also briefly addresses the applicability of statutory warranties of fitness for purpose and merchantable quality and supports that fitness for purpose and merchantable quality are implied by common law giving reference the test for implication in fact outlined in BP Refinery (Westernport) v Shire of Hastings (1977)[3] Background and overview The disputing parties are Gammasonics, a provider of services to radiologists in NSW, and Comrad, a business that provide software and information management systems to radiologists in Australia and New Zealand. The dispute concerns a contract between the parties for the delivery and installation of a software package via remote internet download called â€Å"Comrad RIS†; which was to manage workflow, patient registration and appointments, online referrals and processing of Medicare claims for Gammasonics. The software was downloaded onto Gammasonics’ server and Gammasonic were purportedly responsible for hardware configuration and the network infrastructure specified to run the software. Comrad delivered the software via internet download and certain areas of the software did not function as required. Gammasonics claimed to terminate the contract for breach of terms including â€Å"failure to deliver a functioning software package, failure to provide goods of a merchantable quality and/or for the delivery of a software package which was not fit for its intended purpose.† [4] Comrad in turn sought an award for damages due to the repudiation of the contract by Gammasonic. Trial Proceedings This case is an appeal from Local Court against orders made by Magistrate Quinn in favour of Comrad for the amount of $58,011.21. There Magistrate Quinn was not convinced the software supplied by Comrad was a â€Å"good† as defined in s5 of the Sale of Goods Act 1923[5] and â€Å"held the act did not apply†[6]. She also found Comrad failed in the delivery of certain components required for the software functioning; however it was stated that it was â€Å"Gammasonics' own acts or omissions and not any conduct for which it had contractual responsibility that rendered the system unworkable, such that Gammasonics’ purported termination was a repudiation of the contract thereby entitling Comrad to sue for damages.†[7] Material Issues The following are the key issues that arise from the judgement and contain the essential elements of the case which will be discussed in this case note. 1. Whether a software package delivered by online download is effectively classed as â€Å"goods† for application of Sale of Goods Act.[8] 2. Whether equivalent terms of fitness for purpose and merchantable quality are implied by common law. 3. Breach of essential terms The matter of whether a breach of contract is a question of mixed fact and law is also addressed in this case but it will not be extensively discussed within this case note. Whether a question of mixed fact and law arises was dealt with early in the case and Fullerton J was satisfied that the question of whether her Honour erred in holding that Comrad was not in breach of the contract, involved a question of mixed fact and law and as such leave to appeal ought be granted. Comrad also filed a notice for contention on two points one concerning the implication of terms into the contract equivalent to the statutory warranties of merchantable quality and fitness for purpose, the other on the question of breach. The Sale of Goods Act 1923 The definition of goods provided in the Sale of goods Act 1923 (NSW) s5(1) is Goods include all chattels personal other than things in action and money. The term includes emblements and things attached to or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale. It was submitted by Gammasonics that the software provided by Comrad was within the statutory definition of â€Å"goods† and they relied among other things on the implied condition as to quality or fitness in the act outlined in s19.[9] On appeal a request was made to consider whether there was a â€Å"Fresh Analysis of Authorities†[10] with a more modern approach to interpretation of the Act. Whether a software package delivered by online download is effectively classed as â€Å"goods† for application of Sale of Goods Act.[11] The case gives a thorough analysis and contains a comprehensive list of authorities that include case law and secondary sources which have reviewed this question. The key area of difference noted was that the software was delivered by download onto a server. This distinguished the case from that of others including Toby Constructions Products Pty Ltd v Computa Bar (Sales) Pty Ltd[12] where the software was held to be a ‘good’ because it comprised both software and hardware. Gammasonics relied on a passage from Advent Systems Ltd v Unisys Corp [13] as authority where an analogy was drawn to musical compositions and music on cds suggesting that once the software had been downloaded to the server it became a tangible thing. However the common thread is that software provided on a disc falls within the statutory definition of a ‘good’ while remote download via a license it appears currently does not. The case Fullerton J considered most analogous to the facts was St Albans City. [14] In this case the question of whether the transfer of the software, without the sale of the disk would give rise to a sale of â€Å"goods† under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (UK) was considered by Sir Glidewell. There the disk was likened to an instruction manual however again the distinction is made between the delivery of the software via disk format and remote download a distinction that was also noted by Sir Glidewell. An Australian case that revisted the question was Re Amlink Technologies Pty Ltd and Australian Trade Commission[15] this case did not follow the reasoning offered in St Albans City[16] by Sir Glidewell and considered the proposition taken to the extreme would see goods being defined in areas that where never meant to be covered by the act. Secondary sources were further considered as Gammasonics highlighted what they supported to be a ‘growing trend’ in Australia to recognize software as a ‘good’[17] The recent Trade Practices Law Journal article by Svantesson discussed the stages of development citing Toby Constructions[18]as the first step taken in recognition of software sold together with hardware as a good. The article also highlighted the decision in Amlink Technologies[19] to recognize software attached to some physical medium and suggested the next logical step for the courts was to further recognize software not attached to a physical medium. A passage from a conference paper was also considered[20]where the distinction is made that where a customer purchases a digitized version of an encyclopedia it is a good however where it purchases access to the encyclopedia database it is a supply of a service. The facts of this case are most like that of the first scenario and the plaintiff submitted that the authorities support the conclusion that the software provided by Comrad is a ‘good’ under the act[21] It fell however to the principals of statutory interpretation in particular the everyday meaning of goods and possession. Comrad submitted that the ordinary meaning and any interpretative words referred to things that are tangible; therefore, â€Å"because lines of computer code are intangible the position contended for by Gammasonics was inconsistent†.[22] Fullerton noted that it was preferable to give protection to consumers purchasing software by digital download and noted that research suggests that this is an increasing form of delivery means but stressed the need for legislative reform[23] in the area not judicial intervention and found that the Sale of Goods Act did not apply. Whether equivalent terms of fitness for purpose and merchantable quality are implied by common law. The case also outlines that common law terms as to fitness for purpose and merchantable quality can be implied. This is in accordance with test for implication in fact [24] from BP Refinery (Westernport) v Shire of Hastings which is: 1) it must be reasonable and equitable; (2) it must be necessary to give business efficacy to the contract, so that no term will be implied if the contract is effective without it; (3) it must be so obvious that â€Å"it goes without saying†; (4) it must be capable of clear expression; (5) it must not contradict any express term of the contract†. Although the test was ultimately not considered. Breach of Essential Terms With regard to the breach of essential terms two main areas were readdressed. The interfacing with Medicare and network incompatibility. In both cases the documentary evidence was reviewed. While the plaintiff submitted that the findings of the Local Court were in error and that Comrad was responsible for both resolving the problems of interfacing with Medicare and for creating the interfacing problems. Comrad failed to provide sufficient evidence to support these claims and Fullerton J was not satisfied that Quinn J was in error therefore the appeal was dismissed. Effect on Current Law This case has been referred to in a recent journal article discussing when ‘software is a good’.[25] It has also been referenced in the recent edition of Australian Commercial Law[26] as the authority for the principal that software delivered online does not constitute a good, within the meaning of the Sale of Goods Act[27]. The case highlighted the need for legislative review in regard to the status of computer software and with the introduction of new legistlation The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) it has finally been decided that for the purposes of the ACL software is now specifically included within the definition of goods [28] affording consumers protection under s54 Guarantee as to acceptable quality[29] and s55 Guarantee as to fitness for any disclosed purpose.[30] It also shows the courts reluctance for judicial intervention on matters that may have wider applications in the interpretation of legislation and illustrates the progressive nature of the courts to effect change.